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Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Around half of New Zealand’s greenhouse gas emissions are from agriculture - a proportion that is much higher than the norm for developed countries. Consequently, Motu’s work funded by the “Coordination and Cooperation for Effective Climate Policy Design and Implementation” grant has focused on mitigating agricultural emissions, both through the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) but also through a range of other private and public efforts.
The list of publications from 2009–2012 on this page are mainly a result of the “Coordination and Cooperation for Effective Climate Policy Design and Implementation” grant. The Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group and Agricultural Emissions blog also developed from this project. In 2012 Motu was very pleased to release a short educational film covering many of our findings from this project, the New Zealand Farming Story: Tackling Agricultural Emissions. The film comes with a range of teaching materials, including an editable presentation and speaking notes, designed to make the film a good resource to use with secondary and tertiary students, farmers, or people working with farmers - anyone who eats!
Agricultural Emissions Trading
The New Zealand government plans to include methane and nitrous oxide, both greenhouse gases from pastoral agriculture, horticulture, and arable production, in the New Zealand ETS, currently some time after 2015. Motu’s emissions trading work in New Zealand involves exploring how agricultural emissions can be addressed most effectively in New Zealand.
Besides the publications listed below, you can also find out more about agricultural emissions trading at the Ministry for Primary Industries’ website. Motu was involved in the MPI’s Agricultural Technical Advisory Group, whose final report, “Point of Obligation Designs and Allocation Methodologies for Agriculture and the Emissions Trading Scheme”, can be read here. Motu has also developed an educational game around Agriclutral Emissions Trading, which can be found here.
Agricultural Emissions Blog
This blog has been set up as a forum for discussing agricultural and greenhouse gas emissions, with a New Zealand focus. Contributors come from a variety of relevant backgrounds.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2013. “Tackling NZ’s Agricultural Emissions,” Presentation at Australian Agriculture and Resource Economics Society-run workshop Source or Sink? Farm Level Implications of Pricing Carbon and Policy Responses to Manage Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Sydney, 5 February 2013.
- Timar, Levente. 2013. “Policy Incidence and Permit Allocation in LURNZ,” Motu Climate Economics Research Workshop, Wellington, 4–5 March 2013.
- Timar, Levente. 2013. “GHG Emissions in LURNZ,” Motu Climate Economics Research Workshop, Wellington, 4–5 March 2013.
- Anastasiadis, Simon. 2013. “Mitigation and Heterogeneity in Management Practices: New Zealand Dairy Farms,” Motu Climate Economics Research Workshop, Wellington, 4–5 March 2013.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2013. "Tackling New Zealand's Agricultural Emissions," Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Annual Conference, Sydney, Australia, 5–8 February 2013.
- Timar, Levente. 2012. “Rural Land Use and Land Tenure in New Zealand.” Paper presented at the annual conference of the European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists (EAERE) Annual Conference, Prague, Czech Republic, 28 June–2 July 2012.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2012. “The Who, Why and How of Acting on Agricultural Emissions”; “Mitigation through Land Use and Behavioural Change”; and “Emerging Solutions”, joint forum of the Institute of Governance and Policy Studies and Motu, Wellington, 7 August 2012.
- Kerr, Suzi, and Hugh McDonald. 2012. “New Zealand – Environmental Policy Pioneers”, Half-day Workshop at Freie Universität Berlin, 20 September, 2012 (with support from the New Zealand Embassy).
- Yeo, Boon-Ling, Oliver Browne, Simon Anastasiadis and Suzi Kerr. 2012. "Synergies between Nutrient Trading Scheme (NTS) and the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) in the Lake Rotorua Catchment," New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Annual Conference, Nelson, New Zealand, 30-31 August 2012.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2012. "Allocation and Cost Sharing: Nutrient Trading and Greenhouse Gas Markets", New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Annual Conference, Nelson, New Zealand, 30-31 August 2012.
- Anastasiadis, Simon, and Suzi Kerr. 2012. "Mitigation and Heterogeneity in Management Practices", New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Annual Conference, Nelson, New Zealand, 30-31 August 2012.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2012. "Emerging Solutions: The Who, Why and How of Acting on Agricultural Emissions," Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Science, Lincoln, New Zealand, 22 August 2012.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2012. "Addressing Agricultural GHGs 'Fairly'", Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Huntly, New Zealand, 25 June 2012.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2012. "Preliminary Synthesis," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Huntly, New Zealand, 24 June 2012.
- Timar, Levente. 2012. "Whose Mitigation is it Anyway?", Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 8 May 2012.
- Sin, Isabelle, and Andrew Coleman. 2012. "The Adoption of Green Technologies in Agriculture", Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 8 May 2012.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2012. "Why and How We Can Act," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Otaki, New Zealand, 12 February 2012.
- Dorner, Zack, Suzi Kerr and Hugh McDonald. 2012. "Methane Matters: from International Climate Change Policy to the New Zealand Farm," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Otaki, New Zealand, 12 February 2012.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2011. "Knowing and Telling about Our Emissions," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 6 October 2011.
- Olssen, Alex. 2011. "The Clean Streams Accord: Cooperation in Agriculture," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 31 August 2011.
- Woods, Darian, and Andrew Coleman. 2011. "Price, Quality, and International Agricultural Trade," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 31 August 2011
- Coleman, Andrew. 2011. "The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 31 August 2011.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2011. "Land Use Change and Options in New Zealand," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 31 August 2011.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2011. "Modelling Mitigation Options," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 17 May 2011.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2011. "Mitigation Options," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Karekare, Auckland, New Zealand, 3 July 2011,
- Kerr, Suzi. 2011. "Motivations and Responses," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 17 May 2011.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2011. "Why Agricultural Emissions Matter - Going Forward," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 23 March 2011.
- Timar, Levente. 2011. "Socio-Economic Impacts of the Agricultural Emissions Trading Scheme: A Very Preliminary Analysis," New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Annual Conference, Nelson, NZ, 25-26 August 2011.
- Olssen, Alex, and Suzi Kerr. 2011. "Modelling Land Use in Rural New Zealand," New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Annual Conference, Nelson, NZ, 25-26 August 2011.
- McDonald, Hugh, and Suzi Kerr. 2011. "Why do New Zealanders Care about Agricultural Emissions?", New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Annual Conference, Nelson, NZ, 25-26 August 2011.
- Timar, Levente. 2011. "Modelling Rural Land Use in New Zealand: A Discrete Choice Perspective," paper presented at the Australian Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Conference, Melbourne, 8-11 February 2011.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2011. "The Economics of International Policy to Reduce Emissions from Deforestaton and Degradation (REDD)," New Zealand Association of Economists Annual Conference, Wellington, 29 June-1 July 2011.
- Timar, Levente. 2011. "Māori Land and Rural Land Use in New Zealand," New Zealand Association of Economists Annual Conference, Wellington, 29 June-1 July 2011.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2011. "Land Use and Climate Change in New Zealand," speaking notes and slides from presentation at the 7th Australia-New Zealand Climate Change and Business Conference, Wellington, 1-2 August 2011.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2010. "New Zealand Emissions Trading: Some Thoughts for Brazil," Cap and Trade in Brazil Workshop Environmental Defense, IPAM, and Brazilian Foundation for Sustainable Development, Rio de Janeiro, 2 August 2010.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2010. "The Complementarity between Equity and Efficiency in Climate Mitigation," New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Annual Conference, Nelson, 27-8 August 2010.
- Kerr, Suzi; Wei Zhang and William Power. 2010. "Short Term Effects of Moderate Carbon Prices on Land Use in the New Zealand Emissions Trading System: LURNZ-Climate Land Use Change Simulations," New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Conference, Nelson, 26-7 August 2010.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2010. ‘Emissions trading for forestry and agriculture: policy design and integrated simulations in New Zealand’ UC Berkeley Agricultural and Resource Economics seminar, Feb 18, 2010.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2009. "How can agriculture be included in an emissions trading scheme? Some thoughts from New Zealand," Australian Farm Institute Conference, Maroochydore, May.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2009. "Climate change policy: stepping back and moving forward," Motu Economic and Public Policy Seminar, May.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2010. "Emissions Trading for Forestry and Agriculture: Integrated Simulations," New Zealand Agricultural and Resource Economics Society Annual Conference, Nelson, 27-8 August 2010.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2007. "Reports from Cluster B: free allocation of NZ units, and economic modelling," presented to Climate Change Leadership Forum, 4 December.
- Reisinger, Andy. 2011. "Apples and Oranges: What Can Science Tell Us about How to Compare Emissions of Different GHGs? How Might Different Choices Affect NZ?" Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 30 November 2011.
- Stroombergen, Adolf. 2011. "The International Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Commodity Prices, and the Wider Effects on New Zealand", Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 23 March 2012.
- Saunders, Caroline. 2011. "Value Added Production," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Karekare, Auckland, New Zealand, 3 July 2011.
- Saunders, Caroline. 2011. "Food Miles, Carbon Footprinting and Other Factors Affecting Trade," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 23 March 2011.
- Renwick, James. 2011. "Direct Impacts of Climate Change for New Zealand Primary Sector," Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 23 March 2011.
- Baisden, Troy. 2011. "How Does the Science Process Filter Environmental Mitigation Options?", Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 17 May 2011.
- Lee, Steph, and Charlotte Darlow. 2011. "Climate Change International Dimensions", Motu Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group, Wellington, New Zealand, 23 March 2011.
- Kerr, Suzi, and Adam Millard-Ball. 2012. "Cooperation to Reduce Developing Country Emissions", Climate Change Economics 3:4, pp. 1250023-1–1250023-30.
- Motu Economic and Public Policy Research. 2012. "Roadmap for Implementing a Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading System in Chile: Core Design Options and Policy Decision-Making Considerations," Motu Working Paper 12-14, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington.
- Kerr, Suzi, Simon Anastasiadis, Alex Olssen, William Power, Levente Tímár and Wei Zhang. 2012. "Spatial and Temporal Responses to an Emissions Trading System Covering Agriculture and Forestry: Simulation Results from New Zealand," Forests 3:4, pp. 1133–56.
- Kerr, Suzi, Simon Anastasiadis, Alex Olssen, William Power, Levente Tímár and Wei Zhang. 2012. "Spatial and Temporal Responses to an Emissions Trading System Covering Agriculture and Forestry: Simulation Results from New Zealand," Motu Working Paper 12-10, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington.
- Woods, Darian, with Andrew Coleman. 2012. "Price, Quality, and International Agricultural Trade", Motu Working Paper 12-08, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington.
- Olssen, Alex, Wei Zhang, David Evison, and Suzi Kerr. 2012. "A Forest-Profit Expectations Dataset for New Zealand, 1990–2008," Motu Working Paper 12-07, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington.
- McDonald, Hugh, and Suzi Kerr. 2012. "Why do New Zealanders care about agricultural emissions?" Policy Quarterly, 8:2, pp. 29–36.
- Kerr, Suzi, and Alex Olssen. 2012. "Gradual Land-use Change in New Zealand: Results from a Dynamic Econometric Model", Motu Working Paper 12-06, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington.
- Smeaton, Duncan C., Tim Cox, Suzi Kerr and Robin Dynes. 2011. "Relationships between Farm Productivity, Profitability, N Leaching and GHG Emissions: A Modelling Approach," Proceedings of the New Zealand Grassland Association 73, pp. 57–62. Available online at http://www.grassland.org.nz/publications/nzgrassland_publication_1588.pdf
- Saunders, Caroline, Hugh McDonald and Tim Driver. 2011. "Enhancing Value for New Zealand Farmers by Improving the Value Chain,"
Research Report No. 324, Lincoln University, Christchurch. - McDonald, Hugh, and Suzi Kerr. 2011. "Why do New Zealanders Care About Agricultural Emissions?" Motu Note #9, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington.
- Timar, Levente. 2011. "Modelling Rural Land Use Decisions in New Zealand," Asymmetric Information: Newsletter of the New Zealand Association of Economists, Issue 41, August 2011.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2011. "Submission to the Emissions Trading System Review Panel," comments on the Emissions Trading System Review.
- Karpas, Eric, and Suzi Kerr. 2011. "Preliminary Evidence on Responses to the New Zealand Forestry Emissions Trading Scheme," Motu Working Paper 11-09, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington.
- Coleman, Andrew. 2011. "Financial Contracts and the Management of Carbon Emissions in Small Scale Plantation Forests," Motu Working Paper 11-04. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington.
- Kerr, Suzi, Wei Zhang and William Power. 2010. "Short Term Effects of Moderate Carbon Prices on Land Use in the New Zealand Emissions Trading System: LURNZ-Climate Land Use Change Simulations", draft paper.
- Kerr, Suzi; Levente Timar and Wei Zhang. 2010. "Emissions Trading for Forestry and Agriculture: Policy Design and Integrated Simulations in New Zealand," poster at the Analysis, Integration and Modelling of Earth Systems Open Science Conference, Edinburgh, UK.
- Baisden, Troy, Levente Timar, E.D. Keller, Duncan Smeaton, A. Clark, David Austin, William Power and Wei Zhang. 2010. "New Zealand's Pasture Production in 2020 and 2050," GNS Science Consultancy Report 2010/154, GNS Science, Wellington.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2009. "How Can Agriculture be Included in an Emissions Trading Scheme? Some Thoughts from New Zealand", in Agriculture, Greenhouse and Emissions Trading Conference, Australian Farm Institute, Ed. Surrey Hills, Australia: Australian Farm Institute, pp. 80-86.
- Kerr, Suzi and Wei Zhang. 2009. "Allocation of New Zealand Units within Agriculture in the New Zealand Emissions Trading System," Motu Working Paper 09-16.
- Kerr, Suzi and Andrew Sweet. 2008. "Inclusion of agriculture in a domestic emissions trading system: New Zealand's experience to date," Farm Policy Journal, 5:4, 43-53, November.
- Kerr, Suzi and Andrew Sweet. 2008. "Inclusion of agriculture and forestry in a domestic emissions trading system: New Zealand's experience to date," Motu Working Paper 08-04.
- Hendy, Joanna and Suzi Kerr. 2007. "Impacts on the pastoral sector from emissions charges on agriculture gases: analysis from the model Land Use in Rural New Zealand version 1: climate," Motu manuscript.
- Kerr, Suzi; Emma Brunton and Ralph Chapman. 2004. "Policy To Encourage Carbon Sequestration in Plantation Forests," Motu Working Paper 04-05.
- Kerr, Suzi. 1998. "Alternative Allocation Methods for Greenhouse Permits: Pros and Cons," Unpublished Manuscript.
- Kerr, Suzi. 2007. "Reports from Cluster B: free allocation of NZ units, and economic modelling," presented to Climate Change Leadership Forum, 4 December.
- Sin, Isabelle. 2012. "The Adoption of Environmentally Friendly Technologies in Agriculture," Motu Note #12, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington.
- Coleman, Andrew and Suzi Kerr. "Managing Risks in Emissions Trading Markets," Motu Research Update 20, pp. 1-2.
- Stroombergen, Adolf. 2010. "The International Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Commodity Prices, and the Wider Effects on New Zealand," Motu Working Paper 10-14, Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, Wellington.
- Climate Change Leadership Forum Cluster B (chaired by Suzi Kerr). "Report 6," Meeting 8, 22 May 2008.
- "Emissions charges: what can the LURNZ-Climate model tell us?" in Motu Research Update, page 3, Issue 10, June 2006.
Agricultural Emissions Dialogue Group
Motu coordinated a dialogue group on the effective control of agricultural emissions. The group was made up of farmers, tangata whenua, and representatives of farm industry groups, NGOs, and government agencies.